Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 289
Filter
1.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. (En línea) ; 86(6): 554-562, dic. 2021. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388697

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: Existen 35 millones de casos de infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) en el mundo, y de ellos, 15 millones corresponden a mujeres en edad fértil. El embarazo en las mujeres seropositivas genera efectos relevantes que afectan la condición psicosocial y física. Los cambios que genera el embarazo en una mujer VIH positiva se relacionan con resultados perinatales adversos, como hemorragia posparto, sepsis puerperal, parto prematuro y mortalidad. OBJETIVO: Conocer los efectos físicos y psicosociales que tiene el embarazo en la evolución de la mujer portadora del VIH. MÉTODO: Revisión narrativa. Se realiza un análisis de contenido de fuentes primarias obtenidas mediante búsqueda en las bases de datos CINAHL, PubMed y SciELO. La búsqueda abarcó un periodo de 10 años, en idioma español e inglés. Para la presente investigación se incluyen 22 artículos, de los que se consideraron las secciones de resultados y conclusiones. RESULTADOS: Se seleccionaron inicialmente 318 artículos y 22 fueron elegibles para su inclusión. En esta revisión se plantean tres dimensiones de análisis psicosocial, fisiopatología y características clínicas, y tratamiento farmacológico. La literatura evidencia un efecto psicológico negativo en la población de estudio, y en cuanto al tratamiento se manifiesta un escaso porcentaje de eventos adversos frente a la terapia antirretroviral, por lo que los beneficios superan los riesgos. CONCLUSIONES: Las tres dimensiones planteadas se relacionan entre sí, definiendo los efectos del embarazo en mujeres VIH positivas y lo que conlleva esta condición en la salud de la madre. Se identificaron diversos problemas que afectan la salud de las mujeres seropositiva que se embarazan. Sin embargo, estas mujeres pueden embarazarse siguiendo un tratamiento óptimo, con atenciones de salud en periodos regulares, evitando así la mayoría de los efectos que pueden afectar su salud.


INTRODUCTION: There are 35 million cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) worldwide, 15 million correspond to women of childbearing age. This pregnancy condition in seropositive women generates relevant effects that affect the psychosocial and physical condition. The changes generated by pregnancy in an HIV positive woman are related to adverse perinatal results such as postpartum hemorrhage, puerperal sepsis, premature delivery and mortality. OBJECTIVE: To know the physical and psychosocial effects that pregnancy has on the evolution of women with HIV. METHOD: Narrative review. Content analysis of primary sources obtained through searches in the CINAHL, PubMed and SciELO databases is performed. The search was carried out within a 10-year range, in Spanish and English. For the present investigation 22 articles are included. The sections for the analysis were results and conclusions. RESULTS: 318 articles were initially selected, 22 articles were eligible for inclusion. In this review, three dimensions of psychosocial analysis, pathophysiology and clinical characteristics, and pharmacological treatment are proposed. The literature shows the negative psychological effect in the study population, in terms of treatment there is a low percentage of adverse events compared to ART, so the benefits outweigh the risks. CONCLUSIONS: The three dimensions raised are related to each other, defining the effects of pregnancy in HIV positive women and what the condition entails on the mothers health. Various problems were identified that affect the health of an HIV-positive woman who becomes pregnant. However, these HIV positive women can become pregnant, following optimal treatment, with regular health care, thus avoiding most of the effects that can affect her health.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Pregnancy/psychology , HIV Infections/psychology , Pregnancy/drug effects , Pregnancy/physiology , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active
2.
Acta bioquím. clín. latinoam ; 55(3): 319-345, jul. 2021. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1374055

ABSTRACT

Resumen Existen epidemias silenciosas asociadas al estrés y a los malos hábitos de alimentación, tan importantes como las epidemias tradicionales asociadas a la pobreza, a problemas geográficos y climáticos. Numerosos estudios se suman al importante papel de un patrón estable de la microbiota intestinal que favorece el estado saludable en los seres humanos y por lo tanto, su posible implicación en la incidencia y prevalencia de enfermedades que pueden convertirse en epidémicas. En esta revisión se analiza el estado actual de la relación entre los factores demográficos, geográficos, ambientales, patrones de consumo de alimentos con la microbiota intestinal y la aparición de epidemias de origen microbiano, metabólico e inmunológico. Se apoya la iniciativa promovida internacionalmente para la creación de plataformas metagenómicas que contribuyan al estudio del patrón de la microbiota intestinal, el seguimiento epidemiológico y la prevención de las enfermedades epidémicas asociadas con su alteración, así como el diseño de métodos rápidos y económicos para la complementación de estos estudios.


Abstract Silent epidemics associated with stress and unhealthy eating habits are as important as traditional epidemics related to poverty, geographical and climate problems. Many studies incorporate the important role of a stable pattern of gut microbiota that favours the human health status and therefore, its possible implication in incidence and prevalence of diseases that can become epidemics. In this review, the current state-of-art is analysed in terms of relationship between demographic, geographic, environmental factors, and habits with the gut microbiota pattern and the onset of epidemics of microbial, metabolic and immunological origin. The internationally promoted initiative for the creation of metagenomic platforms contributing to studies of the gut microbiota pattern for the epidemiological monitoring and prevention of epidemic diseases associated with its alteration is fostered, as well as the design of rapid and economic methods to complement these studies.


Resumo Existem epidemias silenciosas associadas ao estresse, maus hábitos alimentares, tão importantes quanto as epidemias tradicionais associadas à pobreza, problemas geográficos e climáticos. Numerosos estudos contribuem para o importante papel de um padrão estável de microbiota intestinal que favorece o estado saudável em seres humanos e, portanto, sua possível comprometimento na incidência e prevalência de doenças que podem se tornar epidêmicas. Esta revisão analisa o estado atual da relação entre fatores demográficos, geográficos, ambientais, padrões de consumo de alimentos com a microbiota intestinal e o aparecimento de epidemias de origem microbiana, metabólica e imunológica. É fornecido apoio à iniciativa promovida internacionalmente para a criação de plataformas metagenômicas que contribuam para o estudo do padrão da microbiota intestinal, monitoramento epidemiológico e prevenção de doenças epidêmicas associadas à sua alteração, bem como o desenho de métodos rápidos e baratos para a complementação desses estudos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Gastrointestinal Tract/microbiology , Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology , Bacteria , Viruses , Pregnancy/physiology , Water/administration & dosage , Immunomodulation , Metagenomics
4.
Revagog (Impresa) ; 3(1): 16-21, ene-mar. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIGCSA | ID: biblio-1371587

ABSTRACT

En Guatemala, el embarazo en la adolescencia es un problema social, que repercute seriamente en el desarrollo de los adolescentes. El fenómeno se vincula, directamente, con los factores económicos y, sobre todo, con el acceso a la educación y la información, aspectos que de ser accesibles ayudarían a promover un cambio favorable entre las personas con menos recursos. La edad avanzada en el embarazo representa un factor de riesgo de morbimortalidad materna, perinatal e infantil. Se realizo un Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, se revisaron las papeletas médicas de todas las pacientes embarazadas que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Dentro del estudio se incluyeron 289 pacientes, se observó mayor prevalencia de pacientes >35 años, respecto a los antecedentes prenatales, la edad gestacional más prevalente fue 37 a 41 semanas, el promedio de número de citas de control prenatal fue de 2.98, las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron infección y trabajo de parto pretérmino. En cuanto a los antecedentes natales, la Cesárea trans peritoneal fue la vía de resolución más prevalente y la asfixia perinatal fue la complicación más frecuente. Se observó asociación estadísticamente significativa entre complicaciones pre, natales y post natales edad materna mayor a 35 años. El hallazgo de sobrepeso y obesidad en pacientes mayores a 35 años se puede asociar con la prevalencia de complicaciones y el bajo promedio del número de controles prenatal. La falta de asociación entre edad materna menor a 15 años y complicaciones puede ser atribuida a que estas pacientes llevan un mejor control prenatal, debido al seguimiento especializado que se cuenta por parte del MSPAS. (AU)


In Guatemala, teenage pregnancy is a social problem, which seriously affects the development of adolescents. The phenomenon is directly linked to economic factors and, above all, to access to education and information, aspects that if accessible would help promote a favorable change among people with fewer resources. Advanced age in pregnancy represents a risk factor for maternal, perinatal and infant morbidity and mortality. A retrospective descriptive study was carried out, the medical records of all pregnant patients who met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. The study included 289 patients, a higher prevalence of patients> 35 years of age was observed, with respect to prenatal history, the most prevalent gestational age was 37 to 41 weeks, the average number of prenatal control appointments was 2.98, complications the most frequent were infection and preterm labor. Regarding the natal history, trans peritoneal caesarean section was the most prevalent means of resolution and perinatal asphyxia was the most frequent complication. A statistically significant association was observed between prenatal and postnatal complications, maternal age greater than 35 years. The finding of overweight and obesity in patients older than 35 years can be associated with the prevalence of complications and the low average number of prenatal check-ups. The lack of association be-tween maternal age less than 15 years and complications can be attributed to the fact that these patients have better prenatal control, due to the specialized follow-up provided by the MSPAS. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adolescent , Adult , Pregnancy Complications/etiology , Pregnancy Complications/epidemiology , Pregnancy in Adolescence , Asphyxia Neonatorum/complications , Perinatal Care/methods , Socioeconomic Factors , Pregnancy/physiology , Cesarean Section/methods , Adolescent , Vaginosis, Bacterial/diagnosis , Observational Studies as Topic
5.
Rev. chil. anest ; 50(1): 171-195, 2021. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1512444

ABSTRACT

Laparoscopic apendicectomy posterior fossa surgery in the sitting position in a pregnant patient with cerebellopontine angle meningioma. A review is made of those anatomical and physiological changes that occur during pregnancy, that may affect anesthesia administration. Emphasis is made in upper airway, respiratory function, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes that are relevant to the administration of general and regional anesthesia are described. The most suitable time for surgery is discussed and is concluded that elective surgery must not be performed during pregnancy and it should be postponed until after delivery. In some cases, immediately after, such as tubal sterilization, and others, after normalization of physiological parameters. A remark is made regarding teratogenicity: Although there is a well-known effect of anesthetic drugs on cell formation, mitosis and DNA synthesis (which participate in cell differentiation and organogenesis), any significant change in function or morphology of a child, secondary to a prenatal treatments (such as, anesthetic management) may eventually affect the outcome. Finally, recommendations are made regarding the anesthetic techniques of choice. There is not a single optimal technique for all cases but becomes clear that maintaining maternal oxygenation and uteroplacental flow are the key. Whichever technique is chosen, it is paramount to avoid hypoxemia and acidosis, maintaining normocarbia and normothermia, treating hypotension aggressively; however, in general when a regional technique is feasible, its use is preferable.


La apendicectomía laparoscópica es la cirugía más frecuente durante el embarazo. El Colegio Americano de Obstetras y Ginecólogos (ACOG), sugiere que es importante contactar a un obstetra antes de realizar la cirugía. Se hace una revisión de los cambios anatómicos y fisiológicos que ocurren durante el embarazo más relacionados con la administración de anestesia, especialmente en la vía aérea superior, en la función respiratoria, en el sistema cardiovascular y a nivel gastrointestinal. Se describen los cambios farmacológicos, farmacocinéticos y farmacodinámicos implicados con la administración de anestesia general y regional. Se discute el momento más adecuado para la realización de una cirugía: una cirugía electiva no debe realizarse durante el embarazo, sino que debe postergarse hasta después del parto; algunas inmediatamente después, como la esterilización tubaria y otras, después que los parámetros fisiológicos hayan vuelto a la normalidad. Se hace una referencia a la teratogenocidad, que no solo es el efecto de las drogas usadas en anestesia que pudieran afectar la formación celular, mitosis y síntesis de ADN, que participan en la diferenciación celular y la organogénesis, sino a cualquier cambio significativo en la función o morfología de un niño, secundario a algún tratamiento prenatal (en este caso, el manejo anestésico). Finalmente, se recomienda una técnica anestésica: no existe una única técnica óptima en la medida de que se mantenga la oxigenación materna y el flujo uteroplacentario. Cualquiera sea la técnica elegida, lo importante es evitar la hipoxemia y la acidosis, mantener la normocarbia y la normotermia, y tratar de manera agresiva la hipotensión arterial; sin embargo, en términos generales, cuando es posible, se prefiere una técnica regional.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Surgical Procedures, Operative , Pregnancy/physiology , Emergencies , Anesthesia, Obstetrical , Pregnancy/drug effects , Perioperative Care , Monitoring, Physiologic
6.
In. Castillo Pino, Edgardo A. Manual de ginecología y obstetricia para pregrados y médicos generales. Montevideo, Oficina del Libro-FEFMUR, 2 ed; 2021. p.93-100.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS, UY-BNMED, BNUY | ID: biblio-1372516
7.
Rev. Ateneo Argent. Odontol ; 64(1): 51-55, 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1252692

ABSTRACT

La mujer gestante sufre cambios fisiológicos y psicológicos durante los meses de embarazo que pueden derivar en problemas de salud bucal. A través de diversos estudios se observó que múltiples factores actúan como determinantes en lo que a la atención odontológica de la embarazada respecta, entre los cuales se pueden encontrar, la realidad sociocultural de la paciente, su nivel de instrucción educativo, sus conocimientos en cuanto a la atención odontológica, factores de riesgos, entre otros. El profesional odontólogo, tiene en sus manos recursos que pueden ser de gran ayuda por lo que su papel es de suma importancia, desde la educación preventiva, brindando conocimientos técnicos hasta la atención odontológica en sectores vulnerables. El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en reunir la evidencia que se corresponda con el análisis de los conocimientos y prácticas de salud bucal en mujeres embarazadas con el fin de organizar los trabajos hallados en un cuerpo de conocimiento fundamentado (AU)


The pregnant woman suffers physiological and psychological changes during the months of pregnancy that can lead to oral health problems. Through various studies it was observed that multiple factors act as determinants regarding dental care of the pregnant woman, among which can be found the sociocultural reality of the patient, her educational level of instruction, her knowledge regarding dental care, risk factors, among others. The dental professional has resources in her hands that can be of great help, so her role is of the utmost importance, from preventive education, providing technical knowledge to dental care in vulnerable sectors. The objective of this work was to gather the evidence that corresponds to the analysis of oral health knowledge and practices in pregnant women to organize the studies found in a well-founded body of knowledge (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Pregnancy/physiology , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Oral Health , Comprehensive Dental Care , Diagnosis, Oral , Pregnancy Complications/prevention & control , Health Education, Dental , Risk Factors , Databases, Bibliographic
8.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 18: eAO5432, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1133775

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the morphology of the supra- and infraumbilical linea nigra in puerperal women. Methods: The study was conducted from September 2017 to April 2018, and included 157 puerperal women admitted for childbirth care at the Obstetrics Department of a public maternity hospital of the city of São Paulo (SP), Brazil. The abdomen of subjects was photographed on the first or second day postpartum, with the patient lying symmetrically in dorsal decubitus at a standardized distance. Contrast was slightly adjusted and the morphological pattern of supra and infraumbilical linea nigra in the proximity of the umbilical scar was characterized. The images were independently analyzed by two researchers and only the matching results from both observers were used. Results: Of the 157 observed cases, 139 (88.5%) images provided concordant results between the two researchers. Excluding 41 cases of absence or poor definition of the linea nigra, 98 images were analyzed. Supra- and infraumbilical linea nigra were analyzed separately and classified according to three directions (left, center and right of the umbilical scar). The combination of the supra- and infraumbilical images resulted in the formation of nine distinct patterns, being the most prevalent, in primiparous (72.2%) and multiparous women (50.0%), and the authors named as "anticlockwise spiralization of the linea nigra". Conclusion: The analysis of supra- and infraumbilical linea nigra in puerperal women showed a predominance of what the authors named "anti-clockwise spiralization of the linea nigra sign".


RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever a morfologia da linea nigra supra e infraumbilical em puérperas. Métodos: O estudo foi realizado no período de setembro de 2017 a abril de 2018 e incluiu 157 puérperas admitidas para o parto no Serviço de Obstetrícia de uma maternidade pública da cidade de São Paulo (SP). O abdome das pacientes foi fotografado no primeiro ou segundo dia pós-parto, com a paciente deitada simetricamente em decúbito dorsal a uma distância padronizada. O contraste foi ligeiramente ajustado, e o padrão morfológico da linea nigra supra e infraumbilical na proximidade da cicatriz umbilical foi caracterizado. As imagens foram analisadas independentemente por dois pesquisadores, e apenas os resultados concordantes dos dois observadores foram utilizados. Resultados: Dos 157 casos observados, 139 (88,5%) imagens apresentaram resultados concordantes entre os dois pesquisadores. Excluindo 41 casos de ausência ou má definição da linea nigra, 98 imagens foram analisadas. As linea nigra supra e infraumbilicais foram analisadas separadamente e classificadas de acordo com três direções (esquerda, centro e direita da cicatriz umbilical). A combinação das imagens supra e infraumbilicais resultou na formação de nove padrões distintos, sendo os mais prevalentes nas primíparas (72,2%) e multíparas (50,0%), o que os autores denominaram "espiralamento anti-horário da linea nigra". Conclusão: A análise das linea nigra supra e infraumbilical em puérperas mostrou predominância do que os autores denominaram "sinal do espiralamento anti-horário da linea nigra".


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Skin/pathology , Umbilicus , Pregnancy/physiology , Skin Pigmentation , Hyperpigmentation/diagnosis , Brazil
9.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 41(9): 531-538, Sept. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1042338

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective To determine the effect of treadmill walking on maternal heart rate (MHR) and cardiotocographic parameters (basal fetal heart rate [FHR], active fetal movements [AFM], number of accelerations and decelerations, and short-term variation [STV] and long-term variation [LTV] of fetal heart rate) in pregnant women at 36 weeks. Methods A nonrandomized, open clinical trial involving 88 healthy pregnant women submitted to moderate intensity walking and computed cardiotocography in 3 20- minute periods (resting, treadmill walking, and postexercise recovery). Results The mean FHR decreased during walking (resting: 137 bpm; treadmill: 98 bpm; recovery: 140 bpm; p<0.001), with bradycardia occurring in 56% of the fetuses in the first 10minutes of exercise, and in 47% after 20minutes. Bradycardia was not detected in the other phases. The mean STV and HV were 7.9, 17.0, and 8.0 milliseconds (p<0.001) and 7.6, 10.8 and 7.6 bpm (p=0.002) in the resting, walking and recovery phases, respectively. Themean number of fetalmovements in 1 hour was 29.9, 22.2 and 45.5, respectively, in the 3 periods (p<0.001). In overweight/obese women, the mean FHR was lower (p=0.02). Following the logistic regression analysis, two variables remained significantly associated with bradycardia: maternal fitness in the 28th week of pregnancy (protective effect) and maternal weight (increased risk). Conclusion In healthy fetuses, physical exercise proved to be safe, since, although FHR and AFM decreased during treadmill walking, an increase in SVT and LTV was observed.


Resumo Objetivo Determinar o efeito da caminhada em esteira sobre a frequência cardíaca materna (FCM) e parâmetros cardiotocográficos (batimentos cardiofetais basais [BCFs], movimentos ativos fetais [MAFs], número de acelerações e desacelerações e variabilidade de curta [STV] e longa [LTV] duração da frequência cardíaca fetal) em gestantes na 36a semana. Métodos Foi realizado umensaio clínico não randomizado e aberto com 88 gestantes saudáveis submetidas a caminhada de moderada intensidade na esteira e a cardiotocografia computadoriza em 3 momentos de 20 minutos (antes, durante e após a caminhada). Resultados A média dos BCFs diminuiu durante a caminhada, retornando a níveis prévios (antes: 137 bpm; durante: 98 bpm; após: 140 bpm; p<0,001), com bradicardia ocorrendo em 56% dos fetos nos primeiros 10 minutos do exercício, e em 47% após 20 minutos. A bradicardia fetal não foi observada em outrosmomentos (antes ou depois). As médias da STV e da LTV foram 7,9, 17,0 e 8,0milissegundos (p<0,001) e 7,6, 10,7 e 7,6 bpm (p=0,002) antes, durante e após a caminhada, respectivamente. Amédia dos números dos MAFs em 1 hora foi 29,9, 22,2 e 45,5, respectivamente, nos três momentos (p<0,001). Nas mulheres com sobrepeso/obesidade, a média da FCM foi menor (p=0,02). Após a análise de regressão logística, duas variáveis permaneceram significativamente associadas a bradicardia: aptidão maternal na 28a semana de gravidez (efeito protetor) e peso materno (aumento do risco). Conclusão Em fetos saudáveis, o exercício físico mostrou-se seguro, uma vez que, embora os BCFs e osMAFs diminuam durante a caminhada na esteira, foi observado um aumento da SVT e da LTV.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Safety , Heart Rate, Fetal/physiology , Pregnancy/physiology , Exercise/physiology , Fetus/physiology , Pregnancy Trimester, Third/physiology , Blood Pressure/physiology , Cardiotocography , Walking/physiology
10.
Braz. j. biol ; 79(2): 220-232, Apr.-June 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-989460

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction Understanding associations between food preferences and maternal nutrition during pregnancy and lactation could inform efforts to understanding the obesity mechanisms and provide insight to prevent it. Objective: To identify studies that investigated the effects of nutritional interventions during the pregnancy and lactation on the food preferences of offspring. Method: The review was conducted with search for articles in the databases: Scopus, Pubmed, Medline, LILACS, Scielo and Science Direct. Exclusion criteria were used: reviews, human studies, studies with drugs or other substances not related to food. Results: At the end of the search in the databases, 176 references were found. After use the exclusion criteria, reading the titles, abstracts and full articles, were selected 11 articles to compose the review. Conclusion: The selected studies suggested that unbalanced nutrition in early life alters the food preference and neural components related to the consumption of fatty and sugary foods in offspring rodents.


Resumo Introdução O entendimento das associações entre as preferências alimentares e nutrição materna durante a gravidez e lactação poderia colaborar para a compreensão dos mecanismos da obesidade e fornecer informações para prevenir essa infermidade. Objetivo: Identificar estudos que investigaram os efeitos das intervenções nutricionais durante a gravidez e lactação em preferências alimentares dos descendentes. Método: A revisão foi conduzida com busca de artigos nas bases de dados: Scopus, Pubmed, Medline, Lilacs, Scielo e Science Direct. Os critérios de exclusão utilizados: revisões, estudos em humanos, estudos com drogas ou outras substâncias não-alimentares. Resultados: No final da pesquisa nas bases de dados, 176 referências foram encontradas. Depois de usar os critérios de exclusão, lendo os títulos, resumos e artigos completos, 11 artigos foram selecionados para compor a revisão. Conclusão: Os estudos selecionados sugeriram que a nutrição desequilibrada no início da vida altera a preferência alimentar e componentes neurais relacionadas com o consumo de alimentos gordurosos e açucarados em prole de roedores.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Lactation/physiology , Pregnancy/physiology , Models, Animal , Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena/physiology , Food Preferences
11.
Rev. saúde pública (Online) ; 53: 41, jan. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1004506

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of the registry of physical activity and rest recommendations made to pregnant women and to explore their associated factors in a prenatal care program of primary care public institutions in Bucaramanga, Colombia. METHODS An observational study was conducted. The sampling frame consisted of the medical records of the pregnant women who attended at least one prenatal care program between January 1 and December 31, 2012 (n = 2.932), in 21 primary care health centers. We analyzed sociodemographic variables, prenatal and clinical antecedents, and information related to health personnel and the organization of health centers as possible factors associated with the recommendations of physical activity and rest recorded in the clinical history. Logistic regression models were applied to explore associations with α = 0.10. RESULTS There was a frequency of 26.1% of PA recommendations and 3.6% of rest recommendation on record, issued by nutrition (97.3%) and medical (86.7%) professionals, respectively. The factors associated with the registration of physical activity recommendations were: being nulliparous pregnant (OR = 1.7), attending more than four Prenatal Care Attention Programs (OR = 2.2), having high or medium obstetric risk in the first prenatal care program (OR = 0.6), and being attended in the western (OR = 0.5) and eastern (OR = 0.2) administrative areas health centers. CONCLUSIONS The low frequency of physical activity recommendations found in the records makes it necessary to reinforce the management strategies of health centers and strengthen the monitoring and accompaniment to comply with the care protocols. In addition, it is necessary to train health teams on the benefits of physical activity and their proper prescription, considering the multiple benefits derived from their practice on the maternal-fetal health.


RESUMEN OBJETIVO Determinar la frecuencia del registro de recomendaciones de actividad física y reposo realizadas a las gestantes y explorar sus factores asociados, en un programa de atención de control prenatal de instituciones públicas de primer nivel de atención en Bucaramanga, Colombia. MÉTODOS Se realizó un estudio observacional. El marco muestral estuvo conformado por los registros médicos de las gestantes que asistieron al menos a un programa de atención de control prenatal entre el 1º de enero y 31 de diciembre de 2012 (n = 2,932), en 21 centros de salud de primer nivel de atención. Se analizaron variables sociodemográficas, antecedentes prenatales, antecedentes clínicos, e información relacionada con el personal de salud y la organización de los centros de salud como posibles factores asociados con las recomendaciones de actividad física y reposo registrados en la historia clínica. Se aplicaron modelos de regresión logística para explorar las asociaciones con un α = 0.10. RESULTADOS Se observó una frecuencia de 26.1% de registro de recomendaciones de AF y 3.6% de reposo, emitidas por parte de profesionales de nutrición (97.3%) y medicina (86.7%), respectivamente. Los factores asociados al registro de las recomendaciones de actividad física fueron: ser gestante nulípara (OR = 1.7), asistir a más de cuatro Programas de Atención de Control Prenatal (OR = 2.2), tener riesgo obstétrico alto o medio en el primer programa de atención de control prenatal (OR = 0.6) y ser atendidas en los centros de salud de las zonas administrativas de occidente (OR = 0.5) y oriente (OR = 0.2). CONCLUSIONES La baja frecuencia del registro de recomendaciones de actividad física encontrada, genera la necesidad de reforzar las estrategias de gestión de los centros de salud y fortalecer el monitoreo y acompañamiento en el cumplimiento de los protocolos de atención. Adicionalmente, es necesario capacitar a los equipos de salud sobre los beneficios de la actividad física y su prescripción adecuada, atendiendo a los múltiples beneficios derivados de su práctica sobre la salud materno-fetal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Prenatal Care/methods , Prenatal Care/statistics & numerical data , Rest/physiology , Pregnancy/physiology , Exercise/psychology , Reference Values , Socioeconomic Factors , Anthropometry , Medical Records , Risk Factors , Health Personnel , Colombia , Prenatal Education/methods , Prenatal Education/statistics & numerical data , Middle Aged
12.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 38(10): 2006-2011, out. 2018. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-976378

ABSTRACT

A detecção superprecoce de gestação é de grande relevância quando se trata do aumento da produtividade dos rebanhos, na tentativa de redução do tempo de serviço desses animais. Por tal relevância, objetivou-se utilizar a ultrassonografia (US) Doppler como ferramenta para predição de gestação, avaliando a irrigação do corpo lúteo (CL), vinte dias após IATF. Setenta e três vacas mestiças foram avaliadas 20 dias após IATF por US transretal. Para obtenção do diâmetro do CL (DCL) e sua área (ACL) utilizou-se o modo B, na mensuração da área de vascularização (VCL) e seu percentual no CL (VCL%) empregou-se o Doppler Colorido. As imagens foram classificadas com base na quantidade de pixels coloridos e sua distribuição no CL, em dois grupos: diagnóstico preditivo negativo de gestação (DPN) e preditivo positivo (DPP). No mesmo dia, a funcionalidade do CL foi determinada pela concentração plasmática de P4. O diagnóstico de gestação definitivo foi realizado por US 35 dias após as IATFs. Utilizou-se o teste t de Student (com P<0,05) na avaliação das variáveis. Grupo gestantes apresentou médias superiores (P<0,05) para todas as variáveis ao Grupo Não Gestantes. O diagnóstico preditivo demonstrou 83,33% de especificidade, sensibilidade de 100% e acurácia de 91,79%. Conclui-se que a US doppler do CL aos 20 dias pós IATF é um método confiável no diagnóstico precoce de gestação.(AU)


The super early gestation detection is of great relevance considering the increase of the herds' productivity, in an attempt to reduce the time of service of these animals. Due to this relevance, this study aimed to use Doppler ultrasonography as a tool for gestation prediction, evaluating the luteal body (CL) irrigation twenty days after FTAI. 73 crossbred cows were evaluated 20 days after FTAI through trans rectal US. In order to obtain the diameter of the CL (DCL) and its area (ACL), B mode was used. The Color Doppler was applied to measure the vascularization area (CLV) and its percentage in the CL (VCL %). The images were classified, based on the number of colored pixels and their distribution in CL, in two groups: negative predictive diagnosis of gestation (NPD) and positive predictive value (PPV). On the same day, LC functionality was determined based on P4 plasma concentration. The definitive gestation diagnosis was confirmed through US 35 days after the FTAIs. Student's T test (with P<0.05) was used to evaluate the variables. Pregnant group presented higher averages (P<0.05) for all variables compared to the Non-Pregnant Group. The predictive diagnosis showed 83.33% of specificity, 100% of sensitivity and 91.79% of accuracy. The conclusion is that the US Doppler at 20 days post FTAI is a reliable method for early gestation diagnosis.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Cattle , Pregnancy/physiology , Pregnancy, Animal/physiology , Cattle/physiology , Insemination, Artificial/veterinary , Corpus Luteum/diagnostic imaging , Ultrasonography, Doppler/veterinary
13.
Guatemala; MSPAS; DRPAP; 2018. 982 p. ilus.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1025877

ABSTRACT

Esta guía, establece los lineamientos técnicos al personal de salud para la atención integral, integrada, diferenciada, con enfoque de derechos, para las personas, familias y comunidades a través de la red de servicios estatales del MSPAS. Incluye las normas de atención estableciendo 7 módulos: 1. Embarazo, parto y puerperio; 2. Neonato; 3. Lactante; 4. Niñez; 5. Adolescencia y juventud; 6. Persona adulta y mayor; 7. Atención a la demanda. Se centra en normas que guían al personal de salud de los servicios, para brindar un abordaje integral, estandarizado y diferenciado a la población según sus diferentes etapas de curso de vida, a través de acciones de promoción, prevención, curación y rehabilitación. Estas contienen indicaciones que deben ser aplicadas por los equipos multidisciplinarios, como un instrumento guía para los proveedores de servicios de salud, con el fin que su contenido se traduzca en acciones para mejorar la salud de la población


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Middle Aged , Aged , Pregnancy Complications/diagnosis , Pregnancy in Adolescence/prevention & control , Prenatal Care/organization & administration , National Health Systems/organization & administration , Health Services , Health Services Accessibility/organization & administration , Health Care Levels/methods , Infant, Newborn/growth & development , Pregnancy/physiology , Vaccination/methods , Postpartum Period , Ambulatory Care/methods , Birth Setting , Holistic Health
14.
J. vasc. bras ; 16(3): f:214-l:219, jul.-set. 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-876994

ABSTRACT

Background: During pregnancy, a number of changes affecting venous blood flow occur in the circulatory system, such as reduced vein wall tension or increased exposure to collagen fibers. These factors may cause blood stagnation, swelling of the legs, or endothelial damage and consequently lead to development of venous disease. Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of special footwear designed to improve blood circulation in the feet on venous blood flow changes observed during advancing phases of pregnancy. Methods: Thirty healthy pregnant women participated in this study at 25, 30, and 35 weeks of gestation. Participants were allocated at random to an experimental group (n = 15) which was provided with the special footwear, or a control group (n = 15). At each data collection session, Doppler measurements of peak systolic blood flow velocity and cross-sectional area of the right popliteal vein were performed using a MySonoU6 ultrasound machine with a linear transducer (Samsung Medison). The differences were compared using Cohen's d test to calculate effect size. Results: With advancing phases of pregnancy, peak systolic velocity in the popliteal vein decreased significantly in the control group, whereas it increased significantly in the experimental group. No significant change in cross-sectional area was observed in any of the groups. Conclusions: Findings in the experimental group demonstrated that wearing the footwear tested may prevent venous blood velocity from reducing during advanced phases of pregnancy. Nevertheless, there is a need for further investigation of the beneficial effect on venous flow of the footwear tested and its application


Contexto: Durante a gravidez, uma série de mudanças que afetam o fluxo venoso ocorrem no sistema circulatório, tais como menor tensão da parede venosa ou aumento da exposição a fibras de colágeno. Esses fatores podem causar estagnação sanguínea, inchaço das pernas ou dano endotelial e, consequentemente, levar ao desenvolvimento de doença venosa. Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do uso de calçados especiais projetados para melhorar a circulação sanguínea dos pés sobre as mudanças no fluxo venoso observadas nas fases avançadas da gravidez. Métodos: Trinta gestantes saudáveis participaram deste estudo às 25, 30 e 35 semanas de gestação. As participantes foram aleatoriamente designadas a um grupo experimental (n = 15) que recebeu calçados especiais, ou um grupo controle (n = 15). A cada sessão de coleta de dados, foram obtidas medidas Doppler do pico de velocidade do fluxo sanguíneo sistólico e da área transversal da veia poplítea direita, utilizando-se um aparelho de ultrassom MySonoU6 com transdutor linear (Samsung Medison). As diferenças foram comparadas utilizando-se o teste d de Cohen para calcular o tamanho do efeito. Resultados: Nas fases avançadas da gravidez, o pico da velocidade sistólica na veia poplítea diminuiu significativamente no grupo controle, porém aumentou significativamente no grupo experimental. Não houve mudanças significativas na área transversal da veia poplítea em nenhum dos grupos. Conclusões: Os achados do grupo experimental demonstraram que o uso dos calçados especiais testados pode evitar que a velocidade do fluxo venoso diminua nas fases avançadas da gravidez. No entanto, mais estudos são necessários para investigar os efeitos benéficos sobre o fluxo venoso do uso dos calçados testados e suas aplicações


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Lower Extremity/physiopathology , Pregnancy/physiology , Regional Blood Flow/physiology , Shoes/adverse effects , Cardiovascular System/physiopathology , Control Groups , Echocardiography/methods , Popliteal Vein/physiopathology , Stroke Volume , Ultrasonics/methods
15.
Femina ; 45(2): 119-126, jun. 2017.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1050712

ABSTRACT

Apoptose, ou morte celular programada, é um mecanismo fisiológico universal entre mamíferos que regula o equilíbrio entre proliferação e morte celular a fim de manter a homeostase tecidual. Nesse processo, a apoptose poderá ser iniciada intrinsicamente por via mitocondrial ou, extrinsecamente, mediada por sinalização via receptor de morte ou em resposta a elementos exógenos como citocinas e processos não excludentes, complementares e com ativação cruzada. As moléculas envolvidas no controle das vias de ativação da apoptose são as proteínas anti, pró-apoptóticas e caspases. Esse fenômeno biológico, além de desempenhar um papel importante no controle de diversos processos vitais, está associado a inúmeras complicações da gravidez como toxemia, crescimento intrauterino restrito, parto pré-termo, diabetes gestacional, abortamento, gravidez ectópica e a transformação maligna da mola hidatiforme. No denominador comum dessas doenças está o desconhecimento de sua etiopatogenia e o desenvolvimento/funcionamento placentário anormal. Compreender todas essas alterações deverá interessar não apenas ao pesquisador dessas moléstias, mas também aos clínicos que tratam essas doenças no intuito de se incorporar novas tecnologias na rotina médica e na melhoria das perspectivas prognósticas e terapêuticas dentro da obstetrícia.(AU)


Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a universal physiological mechanism in mammals, which regulates the balance between cell proliferation and death in order to maintain tissue homeostasis. In this process, apoptosis can be initiated intrinsically or extrinsically by mitochondrial pathway, mediated by death receptor signaling or in response to exogenous factors such as cytokines and processes not mutually exclusive, complementary and cross-activation. The molecules involved in the control of apoptosis activation pathways are anti and pro-apoptotic proteins as well as caspases. This biological phenomenon, besides play an important role in the control of many vital processes, is associated with many complications of pregnancy such as toxemia, intrauterine growth, preterm birth, gestational diabetes, miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy and malignant in transformation hydatiform mole. The common denominator of these diseases is the lack of knowledge about its pathogenesis and development/abnormal placental function. Understand all these changes should interest not only to the researchers, but also for clinicians who treat these diseases in order to incorporate new technologies in the medical routine and in improving prognostic and therapeutic perspectives in obstetrics.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Pregnancy/physiology , Apoptosis , Arterioles , Pre-Eclampsia , Pregnancy Complications , Pregnancy, Ectopic , Trophoblasts/physiology , Abortion, Spontaneous , Diabetes, Gestational , Gestational Trophoblastic Disease , Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins , Fetal Growth Retardation , Immune Tolerance , Obstetric Labor, Premature
16.
Clinics ; 72(6): 325-332, June 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-840090

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the influence of lying in prone position on a specially designed stretcher on the maternal-fetal hemodynamic parameters and comfort of pregnant women. METHODS: A randomized, controlled trial with 33 pregnant women divided into 2 groups: pregnant group sequence 1 and pregnant group sequence 2. The order of positions used in sequence 1 was Fowler’s position, prone position, supine position, left lateral, Fowler’s position 2, supine position 2, prone position 2 and left lateral 2. The order of positions used in sequence 2 was Fowler’s position, prone position, left lateral, supine position, Fowler’s position 2, left lateral 2, prone position 2 and supine position 2. Each woman remained in each position for 6 minutes. For the statistical analyses, we used Wilcoxon’s test for 2 paired samples when comparing the prone position with the other positions. The variables are presented in graphs showing the means and 95% confidence intervals. Trial Registration: Clinical Trial No. ISRCTN41359519 RESULTS: All the parameters were within the standards of normality. There were no differences between positions in terms of maternal heart rate, diastolic blood pressure, oxygen saturation and fetal heart rate. However, there were significant decreases in respiratory rate and systolic blood pressure in prone position 2 compared with left lateral 2. There was an increase in oxygen saturation in prone position compared with Fowler’s position and supine position 2 in both sequences. All the women reported feeling comfortable in the prone position. CONCLUSIONS: The prone position was considered safe and comfortable and could be advantageous for improving oxygen saturation and reducing the systolic blood pressure and respiratory rate.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Hemodynamics/physiology , Pregnancy/physiology , Prone Position/physiology , Stretchers , Patient Comfort
17.
Med. interna (Caracas) ; 33(3): 141-155, 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LIVECS, LILACS | ID: biblio-1009082

ABSTRACT

Analizar la patología médica de las mujeres en edad fértil que fueron atendidas en el Hospital General del Oeste de Caracas, Venezuela. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, de pacientes con edades entre 14 y 44 años evaluadas desde 1º Octubre 2015 al 1º Mayo 2016. Tratamiento estadístico: Se realizó estadística descriptiva con medidas de tendencia central en las variables continuas y de proporción en las cualitativas. Resultados: Se evaluaron 910 pacientes con edad promedio de 25,63 ± 6,69 DS. El grupo entre 14 y 19 años fue el 33,40% y el 17,5% eran adolescentes. El promedio de edad de las embarazadas fue de 23,31 ± 6,08 DS, mientras que en las no gestantes 30,57 ± 7,97 DS. Según el Graffar modificado por Méndez Castellanos predominó la clasificación III en 57,06%. El promedio de la menarquia fue 12,7 ± 1,75 DS y de la sexarquia 16,54 ± 4,04 DS. La edad promedio del primer parto fue 18 ± 1,33 DS. El 73,62% no cumplía control ginecológico anual. Eran gestantes 78% y de ellas, el 80% eran sanas. Las patologías médicas del embarazo fueron preeclampsia 39%, anemia 35,93%, diabetes gestacional 12%, síndrome de HELLP 11%, hiperemesis gravídica 1,56%. Los diagnósticos médicos no relacionados con el embarazo fueron: asma 41,77%, HTA crónica 16,45%, ITU 12,65%, obesidad 7,59%, anemia 5,09%. La violencia doméstica se documentó en 3,4% y 20% ocurrió durante la gestación. En las no gestantes el diagnóstico médico predominó en 48% y los mas frecuentes fueron: anemia 34,84%, ITU 27,77%, HTA crónica 7,57%. Conclusión: La atención médica de la mujer en edad reproductiva debe ser adecuadamente abordada(AU)


To analyze the medical conditions in women of childbearing age who consulted at the Hospital General del Oeste, Caracas, Venezuela. Methods: This is an analitycal, transverse case design, of female patients in a non probabilistic sample, of intentional selection, that included 100% of patients aged 14 - 44 years, who consulted between October 1st 2015 and May 1st 2016- We included hospitalized and outpatients of internal medicine, as well as obstetrics and gynecology. A previous informed consent was obtained. The sample was divided in two groups, pregnant and not pregnant, classified as healthy and with any medical or gynecological pathology. The variables studied were: age, menarche, sexarche, parity, demographics, and final diagnoses, as well as associated complications. Results: We studied 910 patients, with an average age of 25,63 ± 6,69 DS. The group of 14 to 19 years was 3,40% and 17,5% of them were adolescents. The average age of the pregnant women was 23,31 ± 6,08 DS, and in the non-pregnant 30,57 ± 7,97 DS The Graffar score modified by Méndez Castellanos showed a class III in 57,06%. The average age of menarche was 12,7 ± 1,75 DS and of the first sexual intercourse 16,54 ± 4,04 DS. The average age of the first delivery 18 ± 1,33 DS. An important 73,62% did not have an annual gynecological consultation. The pregnant women were 78%. Among them, 80% were healthy. Their pathological conditions of pregnancy were: preeclampsia 39%, anemia 35,93%, gestational diabetes 12%, HELLP syndrome 11%, hyperemesis gravídarum 1,56%. The medical conditions not related to pregnancy were: asthma 41,77%, chronic hypertension 16,45%, UTI 12,65%, obesity 7,59%, anemia 5,09%. Doméstic violence was documented in 3,4%, and 20% ocurred during pregnancy. In non pregnant women there was 48% of medical conditions, being the most frequent anemia 34,84%, UTI 27,77%, chronic hypertension 7,57%, Conclusion: Women in childbearing age must be adequately approached and treated(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Pregnancy Maintenance , Pregnancy/physiology , Medical Care Statistics , Reproductive Medicine , Gynecology , Internal Medicine , Obstetrics
18.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 14(4): 455-460, Oct.-Dec. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-840280

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the acute effects of maternal and fetal hemodynamic responses in pregnant women submitted to fetal Doppler and an aerobic physical exercise test according to the degree of effort during the activity and the impact on the well-being. Methods Transversal study with low risk pregnant women, obtained by convenience sample with gestational age between 26 to 34 weeks. The participants carry out a progressive exercise test. Results After the exercise session, reduced resistance (p=0.02) and pulsatility indices (p=0.01) were identified in the umbilical artery; however, other Doppler parameters analyzed, in addition to cardiotocography and fetal biophysical profile did not achieve significant change. Maternal parameters obtained linear growth with activity, but it was not possible to establish a standard with the Borg scale, and oxygen saturation remained stable. Conclusion A short submaximal exercise had little effect on placental blood flow after exercise in pregnancies without complications, corroborating that healthy fetus maintains homeostasis even in situations that alter maternal hemodynamics.


RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar os efeitos agudos de respostas hemodinâmicas maternas e fetais em gestantes submetidas a Doppler fetal e a um teste de exercício físico aeróbio, de acordo com o grau de esforço durante a atividade e o impacto sobre o bem-estar. Métodos Estudo transversal desenvolvido com gestantes de baixo risco, por amostra de conveniência com idade gestacional entre 26 e 34 semanas. As participantes realizam um teste de esforço progressivo. Resultados Na artéria umbilical, após sessão de exercício físico, identificou-se a redução do índice de resistência (p=0,02) e do índice de pulsatilidade (p=0,01), mas os demais parâmetros Doppler analisados, além da cardiotocografia e do perfil biofísico fetal, não obtiveram alteração significativa. Os parâmetros maternos obtiveram crescimento linear com a atividade, mas não foi possível estabelecer padrão com a escala de Borg, e a saturação de oxigênio se manteve estável. Conclusão O esforço submáximo curto teve pouco efeito sobre o fluxo de sangue da placenta após o exercício em gestações sem complicações, corroborando que o feto hígido mantém a homeostase mesmo em situações que alterem a hemodinâmica materna.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Pregnancy/physiology , Exercise/physiology , Placental Circulation/physiology , Fetus/physiology , Physical Endurance/physiology , Umbilical Arteries/physiology , Umbilical Arteries/diagnostic imaging , Uterus/blood supply , Blood Pressure , Cross-Sectional Studies , Ultrasonography, Prenatal , Gestational Age , Ultrasonography, Doppler/methods , Exercise Test/methods
19.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 36(8): 781-786, Aug. 2016. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: lil-797995

ABSTRACT

O estudo das interações orgânicas da gestação e as mudanças fisiológicas que estão ocorrendo nesta fase são de extrema importância para a avaliação clínica da fêmea gestante ou para estabelecer o diagnóstico de processos patológicos em andamento. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar o perfil das diversas proteínas sanguíneas (frações protéicas do soro - albumina, a1, a2, b, g globulinas e proteína total) durante o período gestacional e no diestro em cadelas. Foram utilizadas 40 fêmeas caninas da raça Dogue Alemão, em idade variando entre 2 a 7 anos, clinicamente saudáveis. Os animais foram separados em dois grupos, denominados Grupo não gestante (NG) e Grupo gestante (G), constituídos por 20 fêmeas em diestro e 20 fêmeas gestantes, respectivamente. Preconizou-se colheita de sangue semanalmente de cada animal durante 9 semanas. Nas fêmeas do grupo NG, as amostras foram colhidas a partir do início do diestro, até a detecção do início do anestro; no grupo G, as amostras foram colhidas do início do diestro até o momento da parição. A partir do soro sanguíneo, foram determinadas as concentrações de proteína total, albumina, a1, a2, b e g globulinas. Não houve diferença significativa quanto aos resultados de proteína sérica total entre a 1ª e 6ª semanas de gestação e diestro, havendo decréscimo gradual em ambos grupos. Já ao final da gestação (entre a 7ª e 9ª semanas), houve acréscimo significativo dos valores de proteína total, sugerindo ação anabólica. Os níveis de albumina sofreram queda da 1ª a 9ª semana, tanto no grupo gestante, como não-gestante, com diferença estatística entre os dois grupos na 7ª, 8ª e 9ª semanas. As concentrações de α1 globulina nas fêmeas gestantes sofreram acréscimo significativo a partir da 2ª semana, contudo, diferença estatística entre os grupos NG e G ocorreu somente na 8ª e 9ª semanas, coincidindo com a fase de preparação à parição. Houve aumento no perfil de α2 globulina entre a 2ª e 3ª semanas de gestação, porém tais valores não diferiram das fêmeas em diestro. Diferença significativa de α2 globulina foi observada apenas durante a 4ª, 5ª, 6ª, 8ª e 9ª semanas entre os dois grupos avaliados. As concentrações séricas de ß globulina nas cadelas não-gestantes foi superior às das fêmeas gestantes durante a 2ª, 4ª e 7ª semanas. Durante o primeiro terço da gestação (1ª a 3ª semana), foi observado queda dos valores de γ globulina, coincidente ao período pré implantacional e durante a formação dos sítios de implantação. Entre a 8ª e 9ª semanas de gestação, houve acréscimo significativo de γ globulina, possivelmente conseqüente ao aumento da produção de imunoglobulinas direcionadas à glândula mamária, como constituinte do colostro. Em conclusão, as proteínas alteram-se de forma evidente durante o período de gestação. Foi possível inferir diferenças nas funções biológicas das proteínas sanguíneas em cadelas gestantes e não gestantes. As proteínas determinadas estão envolvidas com o estímulo inflamatório durante a gestação, além dos mecanismos de regulação hormonal e preparação do organismo materno à lactação.(AU)


The study of the organic interaction and physiological adaptations during pregnancy is of utmost importance for clinical evaluation and diagnosis of pathological conditions of pregnant bitches. The aim of the present study was to compare the serum protein profile (total protein, albumin, a1, a2, b and g globulin) of pregnant and diestrous bitches. For this purpose, 40 healthy 2 to7-year-old Great Dane bitches were used. The bitches were allocated in two experimental groups: Non-pregnant group (NP; n=20) and pregnant group (P; n=20). From each female, blood was drawn weekly during 9 weeks, from the diestrous onset until the beginning of anestrus or parturition, respectively from NP and P groups. The concentration of total protein, albumin and a1, a2, b and g globulins were determined from serum samples. No statistical difference was found for total protein between 1st and 6th weeks of pregnancy or diestrus. In both groups, there was a progressive decline in total protein concentration. At the end of pregnancy (7th to 9th week), a significant increase in total protein was verified, suggesting an anabolic process. Albumin concentration decreased between the 1st and 9th week in both groups, however, more markedly in the P group (with significant difference between groups at 7th, 8th and 9th week). The levels of α1 globulin in pregnant bitches increased significantly from the 2nd week on. Statistical difference was observed between groups only at the 8th and 9th week, during which a preparatory phase for parturition occurs. A significant rise in α2 globulin was shown between the 2nd and 3rd week of gestation, however without difference from the NP group. There was significant difference for α2 globulin between groups at the 4th, 5th, 6th, 8th and 9th week. Serum concentration of b globulin in diestrous bitches was superior than pregnant bitches at the 2nd, 4th and 7th week. During early gestation (1st to 3rd week) there was a decrease in g globulin, simultaneously to the preimplantation period and formation of implantation sites. An increase in g globulin was shown between the 8th and 9th week in pregnant bitches, possibly due to the increase in immunoglobulin synthesis targeting the mammary gland to form the colostrum. In conclusion, markedly changes in protein profile occur during gestation. It was possible to state different biological function of blood proteins in pregnant and diestrous bitches. The determined proteins are enrolled in the inflammatory stimulus during gestation, as well as in the hormonal regulatory mechanisms and maternal preparatory process to lactation.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Dogs , Albumins/analysis , Blood Proteins/analysis , Diestrus , Globulins/analysis , Pregnancy/physiology , Physiological Phenomena
20.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 79(3): 143-146, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-787335

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) in patients with pre-eclampsia using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). Methods: A sample of 73 pregnant women was studied over 28 weeks of gestation. The sample was divided into two groups: one comprising pre-eclamptic pregnant women (n=32), and the other comprising healthy pregnant women (n=41). The SFCT was determined for all patients using EDI-OCT during pregnancy and at the third month of the postpartum period. Results: The SFCTs in pre-eclamptic pregnant women were 351.97 ± 22.44 and 332.28 ± 20.32 µm during the pregnancy and postpartum periods (p<0.001), respectively, whereas these values in healthy pregnant women were 389.73 ± 49.64 and 329.78 ± 22.36 µm (p<0.001), respectively. During pregnancy SFCT in pre-eclamptic pregnant women was significantly thinner than that in healthy pregnant women (p<0.001). However, there was no statistically significant difference during the postpartum period (p=0.623). Conclusions: The results suggest that SFCT is significantly decreased in pre-eclamptic pregnant women than in healthy pregnant women, despite no statistically significant difference in SFCT existing between the groups during the postpartum period.


RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar espessura subfoveal coroidal (SFCT) em pacientes com pré-eclâmpsia usando imagens de tomografia de coerência óptica de profundidade otimizada (EDI-OCT). Método: Uma amostra de 73 mulheres grávidas foi estudado ao longo de 28 semanas de gestação. A amostra foi dividida em dois grupos: um com mulheres grávidas com pré-eclâmpsia (n=32), o outro com as mulheres grávidas saudáveis (n=41). SFCT foi determinada em todos os pacientes utilizando EDI-OCT durante a gravidez e no terceiro mês do período pós-parto. Resultados: Os SFCTs em gestantes com pré-eclâmpsia foram 351,97 ± 22,44 µm e 332,28 ± 20,32 µm durante o período de gravidez e pós-parto (p<0,001), respectivamente. Estes valores em mulheres grávidas saudáveis foram 389,73 ± 49,64 µm e 329,78 ± 22,36 µm (p<0,001), respectivamente. Durante a gravidez o SFCT foi significantemente mais fino em mulheres com pré-eclâmpsia quando comparado com as mulheres saudáveis (p<0,001). No entanto, não houve diferença estatisticamente significante no período pós-parto (p=0,623). Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem que SFCT é significativamente mais fino em gestantes com pré-eclâmpsia do que nas mulheres grávidas saudáveis, apesar de não haver diferença estatisticamente significativa na SFCT entre os grupos durante o período pós-parto.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Pre-Eclampsia/pathology , Choroid/pathology , Postpartum Period/physiology , Fovea Centralis/physiopathology , Fovea Centralis/pathology , Organ Size , Pre-Eclampsia/physiopathology , Reference Values , Time Factors , Pregnancy/physiology , Case-Control Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Choroid/physiopathology , Gestational Age , Statistics, Nonparametric , Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods , Axial Length, Eye , Intraocular Pressure
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL